Fund of funds (FoF) are unit trusts that invest in other unit trusts managed by different fund managers. Fund of funds are often referred to as multi-manager funds due to the fund’s exposure to multiple fund managers. The manager of the FoF selects the underlying funds and manages the asset allocation of the FoF. Investors are often sceptic about the value added by FoF managers that can justify the extra layer of management fees on top of the management fees from the underlying investments. The reality is that an excellent FoF manager can add value in many areas.

Asset Allocation

The FoF manager monitors the asset allocation of the fund daily to ensure the fund is well positioned for prevailing market conditions. The manager will for instance increase exposure to equity when expecting the asset class to outperform. Not all FoF managers actively manage the asset allocation, but those that do are usually experts in moving capital across asset classes. FoF managers can also select the best fund managers within each asset class. An asset management company that is excellent in managing equity funds, may not have the same level of expertise in managing fixed income funds. Combining funds this way may be out of reach for certain investors due to high minimum investment amounts. An investor can hence access the best of breed managers in each asset class by investing in a FoF.

Manager Selection

FoF managers have systems and processes in place to conduct a thorough due diligence on fund managers considered for inclusion into the FoF. Analysing fund managers generally consists of two steps. The first being a quantitative analysis of the fund manager’s performance and investment style to determine if the fund is a viable option for inclusion into the FoF. The next step is an intensive due diligence into the fund manager and the investment team. This often includes a visit to the offices of the fund manager and completing a questionnaire on the company’s investment process. This should help the FoF manager make the best choice when comparing and selecting funds to invest in.

Investment Style Diversification

Adding multiple fund managers into a single fund provides diversification across asset classes and investment styles. Fund managers have unique investment styles that follow a certain approach/strategy. Differing strategies will respond differently to certain market conditions. That means an investment strategy (like value investing) might do well in one year but could underperform in the next due to changing market conditions. This is where diversification comes into play. By combining investment strategies, you can offset the negative impact of a certain kind of strategy during the different market cycles and increase the stability of your return.

Lower Underlying Manager Fees

Fund of funds has scale and a lot more assets under management than a retail investor. This means they are in a strong position to negotiate management fees of the underlying funds they invest in. Sometimes the fund that is being considered for inclusion into the FoF will have an institutional fee class that charges a lower management fee than the retail fee class. These institutional fee classes have high minimum investment amounts that are out of reach for retail investors. By utilising institutional fee classes, a fund of funds can significantly lower its cost (measured by the Total Expense Ratio or TER).

No Capital Gains Tax When Switching

Fund of funds can switch capital from one fund to another without triggering Capital Gains Tax (CGT). Retail investors, on the other hand, will need to pay CGT if they switch from one fund to another and there was a profit on the fund being sold. If the investor decides to rather invest in a fund of fund, then the only time the investor could be liable to pay CGT is when selling units of the fund of fund. That means you don’t have to be concerned about being in the wrong fund because switches within the fund of funds trigger no CGT. View our tax in unit trusts article for more details on the tax treatment of unit trusts.

Conclusion

Fund of funds can certainly add value to investors with the most prominent trade-off being the fees that are usually higher versus the increased stability of portfolio return. The scale that fund of funds has could reduce overall fees, meaning a smaller cost for all the additional benefits. Some of the benefits include diversification, especially for investors with a low investment amount, and strong selection that should deliver superior performance. There is also no capital gains tax for a FoF when switching between funds.

Sharenet Investments manages three fund of funds that are registered South African unit trusts. The Sharenet BCI Conservative FoF has low levels of equity for the conservative investor. The Sharenet BCI Moderate FoF has more exposure to equity than the Conservative fund and is suitable for investors with a moderate risk profile. For the more aggressive wealth seekers, there is the Sharenet BCI Aggressive FoF that can invest up to 75% in equity and aims to grow wealth over the long term.